HUMAN ENHANCEMENT BY TECHNOLOGY

Humans have long worked to enhance their inherent abilities. What it means to be a person has been influenced by this drive to progress. However, as humans take charge of their own future, progressive natural evolution might soon take a backseat. As a species, we are now more capable than ever of modifying and improving ourselves. Numerous scientific advancements have been influenced by the drive to be quicker, stronger, and more intelligent.

The goal of the research area known as "human augmentation" is to improve human capabilities through technology or medicine. Historically, this has been done by implanting devices that need surgery or by taking chemicals that enhance a certain aptitude. These two augmentation techniques may both be invasive. External instruments, such as spectacles, binoculars, microscopes, or extremely sensitive microphones, have also been used to obtain enhanced talents. Recent advances in augmented reality and multimodal interaction technology have made it possible to augment people in non-intrusive ways.

The study of methodologies, technologies, and their applications for improving human perception, action, and/or cognitive capacities is known as human augmentation. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, information fusion and fission, and sensor and actuation technologies are used to accomplish this.

Human augmentation is not solely concerned with the "cyborgization" of people, nor is it exclusively predicated on unforeseeable future events. Simply described, human augmentation is the process of using technology or synthetic drugs to temporarily or permanently improve or restore a person's skills. But it goes beyond simply developing existing abilities. Additionally, human augmentation opens the door for the development of new abilities and capabilities. Of course, the particular tool and its application will determine the extent of any improvements or additions to the skills.

A BLURRING LINE BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY & BIOLOGY

Although human augmentation is occasionally portrayed as a cutting-edge, futuristic technology, numerous types of it are actually feasible now. If implemented properly, augmentation has the power to enhance our quality of life overall, as well as our health, entertainment, and productivity.

"Technologies that boost human productivity or capability, or that somehow add to the human body" is a typical definition of human augmentation. We would also add that for something to qualify as an augment, it must be incorporated into the user's life to the point that it functions as an extension of the user. For instance, a hammer would not be an augment because it is only useful when you need it. However, a covert exoskeleton could become as natural to your life as walking and so be an enhancement. In light of this rule, a laptop would not be seen as an augmentation, although a smartphone—and particularly a mobile smartwatch—could be readily regarded as such. It augments and is virtually constantly with (or on) you.

In other words, by our definition, a technology must be an ongoing, natural part of the human experience on a moment-by-moment basis in order to qualify as an augmentation. An augmentation almost certainly has to become a part of your identity, while a tool never does. This definition would include genetic alterations, eyeglasses, pacemakers, prostheses, wearable technology, chip implants, and prosthetic limbs as examples of augmentations. As technology advances, we see developments that can only be likened to what science fiction novels from the past have predicted for the near future. The field of human augmentation has the potential to bring about a significant shift in our culture and way of life. A study predicts that the market for human enhancement would expand by more than twice that amount through 2026. But there are a lot of myths regarding human augmentation, its application now, and its future. There have been considerable advancements and successes in the subject, including the creation of exoskeletons, bio printing, and devices that can restore hearing.

Types of Human Augmentation

Three major groups with various functionalities further split human augmentation:

Replicating human ability

Replication refers to human augmentations that restore or duplicate typical human skills. This includes things like speech synthesizers for the mute, hearing devices for the deaf, and prosthetic limbs for the crippled.

Supplementing human ability

Supplementation refers to human enhancements that increase our capacity for performance. This includes tools that artificially boost our physical prowess, our vision beyond what is normally possible, or our intelligence.

Exceeding human ability

Excessive augmentation refers to human enhancements that enable us to perform tasks that we are not capable of performing on our own. This includes features like the capacity to fly, breathe under water, see ultraviolet or infrared light, and smell substances that the human olfactory system is not currently capable of detecting.

Warfare is the apex of this dynamic because it embodies the power to improve one's physical, psychological, or social capability. Humans are both the strongest and weakest link in a war's chain of command. We want all types of war fighters—cyber specialists, drone operators, and infantry soldiers—to be more powerful, swifter, clever, and robust so they can outwit their foes. We have created sophisticated technology that improve mobility, survivability, and lethality.

Our mentality has shifted away from emphasising the human in favour of the machine as technology has advanced, but this must change if we are to be productive in the future.

Human Augmentation examples and technologies

Human augmentation can improve or restore the functionality of the body in three different ways.

Multisensory information processing is used to provide sensory augmentation, which improves the ability to perceive external inputs. The most basic form of visual sensory augmentation technology could be found in the navigational aids used by blind persons. A hearing aid is an example of a sensory augmentation that improves the hearing abilities of its users. However, the use of technology for sensory augmentation goes beyond just people with cognitive impairments. Military night-vision goggles are excellent instances of visual enhancement. The technology that modifies perception, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), or mixed reality, would be considered a more advanced form of Sensory Augmentation.

Cognitive Augmentation - Through psychological and neurophysiological monitoring of a person's cognition, cognitive augmentation technology may provide sophisticated user interactions. The technology uses the user's information to meet their wants. With the use of artificial intelligence, enhanced cognition helps users make better decisions, avoid biases, and do a variety of other things by enhancing their cognitive abilities. The technology also aims to enhance memory and focus, meeting the demands of persons with amnesia or ADHD.

In the past, Augmented action technology was primarily concerned with restoring physical functions by creating prosthetic body components. There are numerous ongoing initiatives to more effectively implement the body part restoration. For people who lost their fingers, Naked Prosthesis makes prosthetics. Their products help their clients' dexterity to increase.

Additionally, the development of technologies that improve human capacities uses augmented action technology. For instance, the multinational automaker Ford equips some of its workers with exoskeletons that support their spines when they move heavy objects.

Future of human augmentation technologies

Technology is not widely used, despite the significant advancements in human augmentation. The fact that current technology does not allow for the full potential of human enhancement is one of the causes of such stagnating common-use patterns despite advances. The use of human augmentation will become increasingly common because to developments in the following five domains that serve as infrastructure, according to a Megatrends report:

5G - The fifth-generation mobile network

5G can offer larger network capacity, faster speed, and lower latency compared to earlier wireless standards. These capabilities of 5G enable lag-free, massive data transport and communication amongst linked devices. 5G optimises the bandwidth used by the human augmentation technologies when used in conjunction with other technologies. For instance, Verizon, a wireless network provider, suggests a 5G-enabled augmented reality software that integrates in-person and online buying. A consumer might upload their shopping list via an augmented reality app, and the app would then send the data to the local MEC server. As a result, the application would advise the consumer on the best path to take within the store, would let them know about the discounts and coupons, would provide them details on the products, and would generally enhance the shopping experience. This would be achievable since 5G offers quicker speed, lower latency, and more network capacity.

Next-generation batteries

These are essential for human enhancement gear because they provide a dependable power source. Since Li-On batteries are resource-intensive and prone to fire, next-generation replacements are being researched.

Future of human augmentation technologies

Edge Computing

The movement of workloads from the cloud to the "edge" is known as edge computing. In this sense, the term "edge" describes autonomous local calculations conducted by the device without consulting the cloud. Based on the local actions and newly created data, the gadget performs calculations. In reality, it is necessary for many human enhancement technologies, including driverless vehicles. Edge computing is used, for instance, in truck platooning, which links two or more trucks together in a convoy to follow the lead truck. Local data analysis and communication between cars in a convoy are provided by trucks on the line. Data processing that takes place close to the data source increases user accessibility and is important in technologies like augmented reality. Due to this accessibility and 5G's reduced latency, remote workers could collaborate virtually on a physical activity while sharing their environment in augmented reality.

IOT Precision Sensors

These are are crucial components of monitoring the user's environment for data processing and performance control. They would be able to detect changes in the human body thanks to recent advancements in precise sensors. IoT gadgets could also be integrated with exoskeletons or prosthetic body parts to assist users in safely navigating their surroundings.

Quantum Computing

The practical use of quantum computing will not only speed up computation for human enhancement devices but also have an impact on other product developments by resolving challenging scientific issues. Quantum computing can improve the compute power of artificial intelligence, enabling it to carry out more difficult tasks and AGI.

Existing technologies

There are now three types of human enhancement: reproductive, physical, and mental. Preimplantation genetic screening for embryo selection, cytoplasmic transfer, and in vitro-produced gametes are examples of reproductive improvements. Cosmetic (plastic surgery and orthodontics), drug-induced (doping and performance-enhancing drugs), functional (powered exoskeletons and prosthetics), medical (implants like pacemakers and organ replacements like bionic lenses), and strength training (weights like barbells and dietary supplements) are some examples of physical enhancements. Nootropics, neuro stimulation, and supplements that increase mental functioning are a few examples of mental enhancements. The Internet, computers, and mobile devices can all be used to improve cognitive performance. The interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets, such as wearable electronics (such as augmented reality glasses, smart watches, and smart fabrics), personal drones, and on-body and in-body Nano networks, are driving notable initiatives in human augmentation.

Emerging technologies

Numerous various human-improving technologies are either already available or are presently being studied and evaluated. One example of an emerging technology is human genetic engineering (gene therapy), along with neurotechnology (neural implants and brain-computer interfaces), cyberware, techniques for manufactured minimal senescence, nanomedicine, and 3D bioprinting.

Speculative technologies

There are a few speculative technologies for improving human capabilities, including mind uploading, exocortex, and endogenous artificial nourishment. Mind uploading is the speculative process of meticulously scanning and mapping a biological brain in order to duplicate its state into a computer system or other computational device and hypothetically "transferring" or "uploading" or duplicating a conscious mind from a brain to a non-biological substrate. An exocortex is a hypothetical artificial system for processing information from the outside that would supplement the brain's naturally occurring high-level cognitive functions. Endogenous artificial nutrition can be compared to having a radioisotope generator that synthesizes glucose from its degradation products (similar to how photosynthesis does), amino acids, and vitamins, theoretically allowing one to go for weeks without meals if necessary.

Examples of Human Augmentation

Exoskeletons are made by EksoWorks for use in industry and rehabilitation. Their goods are body-worn accessories that give consumers artificial strength and endurance, usually starting from the torso up. These tools are available in a variety of configurations to support users in industries such as building, vehicle production, and even physical treatment.

A solar-powered hearing aid with a low price tag is called SolarEar. It introduces the technology into nations and regions that previously weren't able to afford such devices, giving the hard of hearing and near-deaf an affordable alternative to conventional hearing aids.

The Teslasuit is a wearable outfit with temperature control, haptic feedback, and movement tracking capabilities. Although this technology is now employed for virtual reality immersion, the concepts that went into its development can be simply applied to the field of augmentation.

Google and Upskill's Skylight platform have joined together to develop smart glasses for aviation engineers. The glasses make it easier to tighten B-nuts, a vital part of jet engines. The engine could malfunction if these nuts are not correctly tightened. When a worker is tightening a B-nut, the Skylight glasses can detect it. To establish when a B-nut has been correctly tightened, they use a wi-fi connected torque wrench.

A person can communicate with a computer or other machine by using only their mind with the use of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Despite the fact that most of this technology is still in its conceptual stages, the potential is endless. BCI enables humans to receive new sorts of information from their computers in return, rather of only delivering information to a computer. It's possible that in the future, computers will be able to digitally recreate certain aspects of the human experience, enabling users to interact with software using all five of their senses.

Obstacles to human augmentation

Data Privacy

Some human augmentation technologies rely on data processing, which raises questions about the consequences of the technology for personal data. For instance, many people use lifelogging to improve their health and keep track of their private information. In such situations, data protection becomes more difficult.

Reliability

Failure of several human enhancement technology could cause fatalities or severe injuries. Defects in the way Ford's exoskeletons function could be harmful to an employee's health. Failure in exoskeletons may even tax the brain, according to study from Ohio State University.

Ethical concerns

It takes a complex procedure to test human enhancement technology, especially those that enhance intellect, which may create ethical questions. The most recent instance occurred when Neuralink began testing its chips on animals. Neuralink is a neurology business creating brain implants that would significantly influence cognitive abilities. In fact, University of California, Devis, which works with Neuralink on the tests, is being sued for abusing animals.

While there have been some advancements in the field of human augmentation, it is now more crucial than ever to address the aforementioned issues to make modern human augmentation technology more widely used.

Human Augmentation & Intellectual Property

Over the past few decades, there has been an exponential growth in the field of patents. More recent and highly developed technologies have assumed the lead in enhancing human lives, and these technologies have also had an effect on the economy. These include advancements in fields such as biotechnology, semiconductors, computer software, human genes, 3D printing, integrated information networks, etc. Due to the growth and interconnectedness of technology as well as the fragmentation of proprietary knowledge, there is growing concern about how difficult it will be to innovate. At the same time, concerns have been raised regarding whether patents are hindering such technology' commercialization.

Concerns regarding the limits of general human nature and its relationship to science and technology have been highlighted by the advent of gene editing, nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and other fields. These advances in technology have the potential to fundamentally alter how people are defined anthropologically. However, there have been questions raised about the morality of patenting such innovations.

The process of permanently or temporarily enhancing our skills is referred to as human augmentation, sometimes known as human enhancement. It encompasses any technology, such as medications, hormones, implants, genetic engineering, or certain surgical procedures, that increases or improves our capabilities or looks. Human augmentation technology essentially allows for the enhancement and/or modification of a person's natural skills or traits. Future human enhancement technologies include 3D bioprinting, genetic engineering, neural implants, and nanotechnology. Although these technologies have the potential to change the game, they are hotly contested from an ethical standpoint.

Due to order public concerns, there is a lot of pushback in Europe to patenting human augmentation technologies. Due to the fact that once applied, these technologies become a part of the body and link to the identity of the user, the patentability of such technology is debatable. highlighting issues with the patenting of a body part. Due to the requirements of the "European Patent Convention (EPC)23 and the "Biotechnology Directive," this is a hotly contested topic in Europe. These Directives have established a complex system of regulations that make it challenging to patent technology developments that are near any living thing, including people.

Human Augmentation & Intellectual Property

The American Patent System has a somewhat broader approach to patenting inventions for human augmentation than the European Patent System does. The US Supreme Court held that "everything under the sun made by man" is patentable subject matter in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty. However, since people were not included in this, it is debatable if such enhanced technology will eventually merge with the human body and lose its eligibility for patent protection.

It is challenging to obtain patent protection for biotechnological development in India because to the strict filing requirements and complicated laws. The matter that is excluded under Section 3 of the Patent Act of 1970 is defined as patentable subject matters. Similar to Art. 53(a) of the EPC, Section 3(b) of the Indian Patent Act identifies inventions that are incompatible with public morality and disqualifies them from patent protection. Additionally, "discoveries made in connection to live creatures or non-living substances occurring in nature" are likewise excluded by the Act.

The Act continues by excluding "methods of treatment" like medical procedures, preventative measures, and curative procedures. Although these regulations under the Patent Act offer a lengthy list of what does not qualify as patentable subject matter, they do not provide sufficient clarification regarding what can be patented, making it unclear and imprecise for human enhancement technologies due to the intricacy of their nature.

Last but not least, in order to keep up with new breakthroughs and technological growth, patent systems need to be a little more adaptable. The field of science is always developing, and this, along with human ingenuity and talent, ensures advances that are well outside the purview of such patent regimes. If these procedures are inadequate, the advancement of research may be hampered, depriving the world of game-changing inventions and technologies. The patent systems must be accommodating and flexible to such technologies and advances for the benefit of society as a whole in order to prevent this.

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Effectual’s HUMAN AUGMENTATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FRAMEWORK is a deep dive into this ecosystem and shall help you understand the intricacies of this nascent innovative domain with insights backed with credible data sources. Some ways we can help include, but not limited to - Performing any previous art or freedom to operate searches to help you better grasp the environment surrounding your invention or business endeavors. If certain methods of IP protection are more appropriate for your technological or business goals, we can help you strategize effectively to plan for future & in making continuous innovation a part of your working model